Intervenciones de musicoterapia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con esquizofrenia: una revisión crítica para la práctica enfermera / Music-therapy based interventions aimed to adults with schizophrenia during in-patient care setting: a critical review for nursing practice

La esquizofrenia es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico complejo, cuyo tratamiento principal se centra en el abordaje farmacológico con antipsicóticos. Cada vez son más las intervenciones no farmacológicas, como la musicoterapia, las que se proponen como alternativa para complementar su abordaje y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas.El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar las características y efectos de los estudios de intervención basados en la musicoterapia llevados a cabo por enfermeras y que estén dirigidos a personas adultas con esquizofrenia durante el proceso de hospitalización. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura que aportó 7 estudios de intervención basados en musicoterapia para personas con esquizofrenia en unidades de hospitalización y liderados por enfermería. Todas las intervenciones mostraron efectos beneficiosos de esta terapia en la mejora de la sintomatología psiquiátrica y un incremento de la calidad de vida. (AU)

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, whose main treatment focuses on pharmacological treatment with antipsychotics. However, non-pharmacological interventions, as music therapy, are increasingly being proposed as an alternative to complement this approach and improve the quality of life of those affected.The objective of this research in to examine the characteristics and effects of intervention studies based on music therapy carried out by nursing professionals and aimed at adults with schizophrenia during the in-patient care setting. A systematic search of the literature was carried out returned seven intervention studies based on music therapy for people with schizophrenia in inpatient units and led by nurses were identified. All interventions showed beneficial effects of this therapy in the improvement of psychiatric symptomatology and an increase in the quality of life.

Nurses' freedom of expression: Rights, obligations and responsibilities.

AIM: This commentary aims to spark debate on the ethical, legal, professional and institutional challenges faced by nurses' use and interactions when using traditional, mass and social media. BACKGROUND: Freedom of expression is a core value of democratic systems. However, it appears to be a complex right when exercised by nurses in traditional media and/or during online interactions. Active use of these types of media can help promote healthcare incentives and reach larger audiences, or even influence public policy. Nevertheless, with the increase in social media use, some nurses have been found to have engaged in unprofessional practices, which, in some serious cases, have led to their dismissal. EVALUATION: We identified specific instances of conflicts-most commonly related to breach of privacy, inappropriate interactions on social media or a simple lack of knowledge or guidance regarding its use-and formal complaints concerning nurses' freedom of expression. KEY ISSUES: While nursing codes do exist, professional guidelines concerning the use of mass and social media are still much needed. With the advent of social media, there may be ambiguity regarding how nurses engage with and make use of these platforms. In order to ensure that nurses interact professionally with any form of media, clear ethical, legal and professional frameworks of use are needed. Specific codes exist, such as the new ICN code of ethics or the NMC code, among other initiatives, but more comprehensive guidance is needed in order to support nurses in using better judgement regarding their media interactions. While the existence of such frameworks may not fix the problem of incorrect use, it can help those nurses looking for clear guidance when interacting with mass media or using social media. Also, it is important that more professionals are aware that such guidance exists, since understanding the limits and dangers of certain interactions would ultimately protect nurses' and patients' rights. CONCLUSION: The increasing use of media platforms by nurses calls for further professional guidance regarding its professional utilization. To date, limited guidance exists to support media interactions. In an interconnected world that favours media interaction in both professional and private spheres, the development and widespread dissemination of clear guidance for professionals must also detail two essential points: how professionals can better interact with media platforms and also how they can avoid having unethical media interactions in the first place. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The existence of a solid, comprehensive framework for generalized media use should ensure that nurses can exercise their right to freedom of expression. Clearer limitations should support nurses' professional presence and interactions in the media.